A Study on Iron Manufacturing and Technology through Analysis Reports of Iron artifacts in the Baekje Area

Kim, Soo-Ki

doi:2014.30.4.335

Search: J. Conserv. Sci Search

CLOSE

J. Conserv. Sci > Volume 30(4); 2014 > Article

Journal of Conservation Science 2014;30(4):335-343.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2014.30.4.02 Published online December 31, 2014.

유물분석 자료를 통한 백제지역의 제철과 철기 제작기술 연구

김수기

A Study on Iron Manufacturing and Technology through Analysis Reports of Iron artifacts in the Baekje Area

Soo-Ki Kim

초 록

현재까지 분석된 백제지역 출토 철기 유물의 금속미세조직과 비금속개재물 분석 자료들을 한강, 금강, 영산강 유역권으로 분류하여 조업 온도를 추정하고 제강 및 열처리 기술을 지역적 시대별 특성을 조사하였다. 세 지역 모두 시대에 관계없이 고체저온환원으로 괴련철이나 해면철이 주 제철 방법으로 판단된다. 비금속개재물의 산화물 삼원상태도로 재해석한 결과 로내 온도는 1,100~1,300℃ 정도에서 조업하였던 것으로 추정된다. 철광석은 자철광석이 주원료이며, TiO2가 높은 것들은 사철을 사용하였던 것으로 보인다. CaO/SiO2의 비율이 0.4 이상인 유물들은 석회질의 융제를 인위적으로 넣었던 것으로 판단된다. 제강은 저탄소강을 단야로에서 숯으로 가열할 때 나오는 CO, CO2 gas로 침탄시키는 고체 침탄강임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 의도적으로 필요 부분의 강도를 높이는 침탄작업과 담금질을 하였던 것으로 보아 3세기에는 백제지역의 철기제작자들은 열처리 기술을 인지하고 있었다.

중심어: 제철, 비금속개재물, 조업온도, 제강, 열처리조직

ABSTRACT

This study classified the result of non-metallic inclusion analysis and result of microstructure investigation on the ironware excavated in the Baekje region into Han River, Geum River, and Yeongsan River to estimate the iron making temperature and study the characteristics of regional and temporal characteristics of the heat treatment technology and steel making technology. Regardless of era, bloom iron and sponge iron are judged to be the major method for making as a directreduction process in all three regions. The result of the reinterpretation of the non-metallic inclusion by the oxide ternary constitutional diagram suggest that the temperature inside of the furnace is estimated to be between 1,100~1,300℃ while making the steel. The magnetic iron ores are the major raw material of steel ore and irons with high TiO2 are estimated to use iron sands. Ironware with CaO/SiO2 rate higher than 0.4% are considered to have artificially added the flux of calcareous materials. It was found that the iron making method is the solid caburizing-steel which caburizes low-carbon steels by the CO gas and CO2 gas created when heating the forging furnace with charcoal. Also, the ironware manufacturers in the Baekje during 3rd century recognized the heat treatment technology as they performed carburizing process and quenching to intentionally increase the strength of necessary parts.

Key Words: Iron making, Nonmetallic inclusion, Phase equilibria diagrams, Iron making temperature, Steel making, Carburizing, Heat treatment structure

TOOLS

PDF Links
Full text via DOI
Download Citation

Share :

METRICS

4 Crossref
1,186 View
128 Download

Related articles in J. Conserv. Sci.

A Study on the Composition and Manufacturing Technology of Rivets in Bronze Objects2023 March;39(1)

A Study on Manufacturing Technique and Alloy Characteristics of Bronze Mirrors from Jeollanam-do Region in the Three Kingdoms Period2021 December;37(6)

A Study on the Manufacturing Technique of Goryeo Lacquered Box2020 December;36(6)

A Study on Manufacturing Method of iron Sickles Found in Jangjae‐ri, Yeongi, Korea2015 ;31(4)

Study on the Manufacturing Technology of Mural Tomb in Goa-dong of Daegaya Period2014 ;30(4)

Editorial Office: 303, Osongsaengmyeong 5-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
Tel: +82-10-5738-9111 E-mail: journal@conservation.or.kr